Who is primarily responsible for security in application layers?

The primary responsibility for security in application layers lies with the customer. This is because customers develop and implement their applications and are responsible for ensuring that these applications are secure from threats and vulnerabilities. The security measures applied at the application layer include secure coding practices, proper authentication and authorization methods, data encryption, and regular security testing.

While cloud providers play a crucial role in securing the underlying infrastructure, such as networks, storage, and physical data centers, they typically operate under a shared responsibility model. This model delineates the security responsibilities between the cloud provider and the customer. Compliance teams also contribute by ensuring that regulatory requirements are met, but they do not directly handle the security measures within the applications themselves. Data scientists focus on analyzing data and modeling, which means their primary concern is not the security of the application layers. Thus, the customer's role is paramount in ensuring the application layers are secure.